什么是requests

requests 是 Python 中最受欢迎的第三方库之一，用于发送各种 HTTP 请求（GET、POST、PUT、DELETE 等）。无论是爬虫、接口测试，还是后台数据采集，它都表现稳定高效。

学习本来就不是一蹴而就的事，不过只要你肯练、敢用，坚持一阵子，你一定能看到变化！

快速安装

pip install requests

一、GET 请求：获取网页数据

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Project ：Fish 
@File    ：D18.py
@Date    ：2025/6/16 18:58 
@Author : malijie
"""
import json

import requests

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()

url = "https://httpbin.org/get"
params = {
    "name": "Trump",
    "party": "Republican",
    "age": 79
}
response = requests.get(url, params=params, verify=False)

print(response.status_code)  # 200
print(json.dumps(json.loads(response.text), indent=4, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False))

适用场景：网页抓取、API 查询、数据分析前的采集。

二、POST 请求：提交表单/发送数据

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Project ：Fish 
@File    ：D18.py
@Date    ：2025/6/16 18:58 
@Author : malijie
"""
import json

import requests

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()

url = "https://httpbin.org/post"

params = {
    "name": "Trump",
    "party": "Republican",
    "age": 79
}
data = {"username": "admin", "password": "123456"}

response = requests.post(url, params=params,  data=data, verify=False)

print(response.status_code)  # 200
print(json.dumps(json.loads(response.text), indent=4, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False))

适用场景：模拟登录、表单提交、自动化测试。

三、设置请求头、Cookie

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Project ：Fish 
@File    ：D18.py
@Date    ：2025/6/16 18:58 
@Author : malijie
"""
import json

import requests

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()

url = "https://httpbin.org/headers"

headers = {"User-Agent": "MyPythonBot/1.0"}
cookies = {"sessionid": "fake-session-id"}

params = {
    "name": "Trump",
    "party": "Republican",
    "age": 79
}
data = {"username": "admin", "password": "123456"}

response = requests.get(url, params=params,  data=data, verify=False, headers=headers, cookies=cookies)
print(response.status_code)  # 200
print(json.dumps(json.loads(response.text), indent=4, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False))

适用场景：伪装成浏览器、保持会话。

四、下载文件（如图片、PDF）

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Project ：Fish 
@File    ：D18.py
@Date    ：2025/6/16 18:58 
@Author : malijie
"""
import json

import requests

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()

url = "https://www.baidu.com/img/PCtm_d9c8750bed0b3c7d089fa7d55720d6cf.png"
response = requests.get(url)

with open("Baidu.png", "wb") as f:
    f.write(response.content)

小技巧：使用 .content 获取二进制内容，用于文件写入。

五、异常处理与超时设置

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Project ：Fish 
@File    ：D18.py
@Date    ：2025/6/16 18:58 
@Author : malijie
"""
import json

import requests

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()


def test(timeout):
    url = "https://httpbin.org/delay/3"
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=timeout, verify=False)
        print(f"timeout= {timeout},\n{json.dumps(json.loads(response.text), indent=4, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False)}")

    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
        print(f"timeout= {timeout},请求超时！")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    timeout_1 = 3
    timeout_2 = 5
    test(timeout_1)
    test(timeout_2)

防止请求卡住、适合放在定时任务或爬虫脚本中。

六、接口自动化测试场景示例（结合断言）

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Project ：Fish 
@File    ：D18.py
@Date    ：2025/6/16 18:58 
@Author : malijie
"""
import json

import requests

requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()


def test_status():
    url = "https://httpbin.org/status/200"
    response = requests.get(url, verify=False)
    print(response.status_code)
    assert response.status_code == 200


def test_status2():
    url = "https://httpbin.org/status/200"
    response = requests.get(url, verify=False)
    print(response.status_code)
    assert response.status_code == 404

requests 是接口测试框架如 pytest 或 unittest 的好搭档。

总结速查表

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